This is a good question and one that merits explanation given that many of us grew up on a 3 5 year lifespan expectation from alloy.
Carbon fiber road bike frame lifespan.
A in depth look at all the issues that affect the longevity of a carbon fibre bicycle frame including insight from engineers working within the industry.
There are a host of factors which could influence a frame s lifespan starting with the simple act of riding it.
Most manufacturers provide a lifetime warranty on carbon frames.
Carbon frames are well able to withstand the day to day flexion required to.
The typical aluminum frame possesses a life expectancy of five to 10 years.
Conversely carbon possesses the longest fatigue life.
Some manufacturers offer a lifetime warranty on their aluminum frames but most offer five to 10 years.
I believe most frame builders warranty carbon frames for life now.
That said you should periodically inspect the frame for cracks and wear especially at stress points like around the bottom bracket just like you would with any frame.
I personally know of at least two riders with carbon fiber bikes that have been ridden in excess of 100 000 miles.